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Compound monograph · evidence extract

Thymalin in biological ageing and healthspan endpoints — evidence extract

The Institute's graded assessment of Thymalin for biological ageing and healthspan endpoints, with the contributing trials and the domain-by-domain certainty reasoning.

Document identifier
CEI-MN-041/EV-LONGEVITY
Series
Evidence extract
Version
4.1
Published
15 Oct 2025
Last reviewed
15 Jul 2026
Next review
15 Jul 2028
Identifier
10.71829/cei.mono.41
Certainty
Very low
Cycle
2025 Q4

§1Evidence extract: Biological ageing and healthspan endpoints

§1.1Question and anchor outcome

Population
Interventions proposed to modify rate of biological ageing, assessed by composite biomarker clocks, functional measures, or mortality.
Intervention
Thymalin, intramuscular in the approved russian presentation
Comparator
As used in each contributing trial; reported per trial rather than pooled across comparator types
Anchor outcome
Epigenetic age acceleration

Additional outcomes the Institute extracts for this indication: Frailty index; Functional capacity; All-cause mortality.

§1.2Contributing trials

No trial has been identified for Thymalin in biological ageing and healthspan endpoints. The rating below reflects that absence.

§1.3Certainty assessment

Certainty assessment by domainDowngrading decision recorded for each certainty domain.Certainty domainNo concernSeriousVery seriousEffect on ratingRisk of biasno downgradeInconsistencydowngrade one levelIndirectnessdowngrade one levelImprecisiondowngrade one levelPublication biasno downgradeTotal downgrading: 3 levelsVery low certainty
Figure 2. Domain-by-domain certainty assessment for Thymalin in biological ageing and healthspan endpoints. The starting rating for a body of randomised evidence is high; each serious concern reduces it by one level and each very serious concern by two.

Table 2. Reasoning recorded against each certainty domain.

DomainRatingReasoning
Risk of biasNo concernNo serious concern identified in this domain.
InconsistencySeriousDirection is consistent; magnitude varies with the intensity of the background intervention.
IndirectnessSeriousThe outcome is a surrogate whose relationship to the clinical outcome is unvalidated for this indication.
ImprecisionSeriousA single small trial contributes the whole estimate.
Publication biasNo concernNo serious concern identified in this domain.
Overall rating: Very low certainty. The Institute has very little confidence in the effect estimate. The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate. In this series a very low rating most often reflects an absence of controlled human evidence rather than conflicting evidence.

§1.4What this extract does not establish

References cited on this page

References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.

  1. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. General Chapter ⟨85⟩ Bacterial Endotoxins Test. United States Pharmacopeia — National Formulary (USP–NF) 2024;USP 2024 Issue 1. identifier not held by the Institute
  2. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. General Chapter ⟨71⟩ Sterility Tests. United States Pharmacopeia — National Formulary (USP–NF) 2024;USP 2024 Issue 1. identifier not held by the Institute
  3. International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories. ISO/IEC Standard 2017;3rd edition. identifier not held by the Institute

Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.

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