LL-37 — compound monograph
37-residue cationic antimicrobial host-defence peptide. Unapproved, research supply. The Institute assesses 2 outcomes for this compound and grades the strongest at low certainty.
§1Identification and status
§1.1Nomenclature
- Preferred name
- LL-37
- Compound class
- 37-residue cationic antimicrobial host-defence peptide
- Assessment series
- Immune modulators
- Synonyms and codes
- human cathelicidin LL-37 · CAP-18(104-140) · hCAP18 fragment
- Route as evaluated
- Topical and intralesional in clinical studies
§1.2Chemistry
Chemical identifiers are reproduced where they are public. Where a structure has not been published the monograph records not disclosed rather than constructing one.[1]
- CAS registry number
- 154947-66-7
- Molecular formula
- C205H340N60O53
- Average mass
- 4493.26
- Monoisotopic mass
- 4490.31
- ATC classification
- not assigned
§1.3Sequence and structural notes
The mature 37-residue antimicrobial peptide released from the C-terminus of human cathelicidin hCAP18. It is strongly cationic with a net charge of approximately +6 and forms an amphipathic alpha-helix in membrane-mimetic environments. Its high arginine and lysine content makes counter-ion binding substantial and aggregation on surfaces a practical handling problem.
§1.4Assessment status
The Institute assesses LL-37 across 2 indications and grades the strongest of them at low certainty. Supplied as a research chemical; no marketing authorisation for the uses under which it is supplied.
Table 1. Assessed outcomes for LL-37, ordered by certainty. Each row links to the per-indication evidence extract.
| Indication | Effect as recorded | Certainty | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cutaneous wound healing and tissue repair | A phase 1/2 trial of intralesional LL-37 in hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers reported greater ulcer-area reduction at intermediate doses than at the… | Low | 1 |
| Immune modulation and adjunctive immunotherapy | No randomised human evidence for systemic immune effects | Very low | 0 |
| Effects are reproduced as the contributing trials reported them. Where a confidence interval is held it appears on the per-indication extract rather than in this summary table. | |||
References cited on this page
References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.
- International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH Q6B Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for Biotechnological/Biological Products. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline 1999;Step 4 version. identifier not held by the Institute
Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.