LL-37 — safety
Adverse events as reported, contraindications, warnings, and an explicit statement of what the safety evidence does not establish.
§4Safety
§4.1Adverse events reported in controlled trials
Table 4. Adverse events for LL-37 as reported in the trial safety tables the Institute holds. Percentages are of randomised participants in the stated trial and arm.
| Event | Active, % | Comparator, % | Difference, pp | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local pain on intralesional administration | — | — | — | Reported |
| Local erythema | — | — | — | Reported |
| Cytotoxicity at high concentration | — | — | — | A property of the molecule rather than an idiosyncratic adverse effect; the highest dose in the clinical trial performed worse than intermediate doses |
| Haemolysis | — | — | — | Demonstrated in vitro at concentrations not greatly above antimicrobial concentrations |
| A difference column is computed by the Institute from the two reported percentages and is not itself a published figure. Confidence intervals for adverse-event differences are not reported in the contributing trials and are not constructed here. | ||||
§4.2Contraindications
- Not established — no marketing authorisation
§4.3Warnings and precautions
- The selectivity margin between antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity is narrow
- Systemic administration has not been developed and the haemolytic potential is a substantive obstacle
- Activity is strongly salt- and serum-dependent, so in-vitro potency data materially overstate activity in tissue
§4.4What this section does not establish
Related assessments: tolerability of incretin receptor agonists · acute pancreatitis · the rodent thyroid C-cell signal.[1,2]
References cited on this page
References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.
- D’Hondt M, Bracke N, Taevernier L, Gevaert B, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Related impurities in peptide medicines. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2014;101:2–30. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.012 · PMID 25044089
- Manning MC, Chou DK, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Katayama DS. Stability of protein pharmaceuticals: an update. Pharmaceutical Research 2010;27(4):544–575. doi:10.1007/s11095-009-0045-6 · PMID 20143256
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