Independent · non-commercial · publishes on a quarterly cycle|Current cycle 2026 Q3
Compound Evidence InstituteEvidence synthesis · established 2023Graded assessments of compounds, trials, methods and supply
Document set current to 30 July 2026
Compound monograph · evidence extract

AOD-9604 in obesity and overweight in adults — evidence extract

The Institute's graded assessment of AOD-9604 for obesity and overweight in adults, with the contributing trials and the domain-by-domain certainty reasoning.

Document identifier
CEI-MN-028/EV-OBESITY
Series
Evidence extract
Version
1.0
Published
17 Sep 2025
Last reviewed
17 Sep 2025
Next review
17 Sep 2027
Identifier
10.71829/cei.mono.28
Certainty
Moderate
Cycle
2025 Q3

§1Evidence extract: Obesity and overweight in adults

§1.1Question and anchor outcome

Population
Excess adiposity sufficient to impair health, operationalised in the pivotal incretin programmes as a body-mass index of 30 kg/m² or above, or 27 kg/m² or above with at least one weight-related comorbidity.
Intervention
AOD-9604, oral in the clinical programme; subcutaneous in research contexts
Comparator
As used in each contributing trial; reported per trial rather than pooled across comparator types
Anchor outcome
Percentage change in body weight from baseline

Additional outcomes the Institute extracts for this indication: Proportion achieving ≥5 %, ≥10 %, ≥15 % and ≥20 % weight reduction; Change in waist circumference; Change in systolic blood pressure; Change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

§1.2Contributing trials

Table 1. Trials contributing to the assessment of AOD-9604 in obesity and overweight in adults.

TrialPhaseDesignRandomisedDurationYear
AOD-PH2B-OBESITY2bRandomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled53612 weeks2007

§1.3Certainty assessment

Certainty assessment by domainDowngrading decision recorded for each certainty domain.Certainty domainNo concernSeriousVery seriousEffect on ratingRisk of biasno downgradeInconsistencyno downgradeIndirectnessno downgradeImprecisionno downgradePublication biasdowngrade one levelTotal downgrading: 1 levelModerate certainty
Figure 2. Domain-by-domain certainty assessment for AOD-9604 in obesity and overweight in adults. The starting rating for a body of randomised evidence is high; each serious concern reduces it by one level and each very serious concern by two.

Table 2. Reasoning recorded against each certainty domain.

DomainRatingReasoning
Risk of biasNo concernNo serious concern identified in this domain.
InconsistencyNo concernNo serious concern identified in this domain.
IndirectnessNo concernNo serious concern identified in this domain.
ImprecisionNo concernNo serious concern identified in this domain.
Publication biasSeriousThe evidence base is small, recent and wholly sponsor-generated.
Overall rating: Moderate certainty. The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Further research is likely to have an important impact on confidence in the estimate.

§1.4What this extract does not establish

References cited on this page

References are numbered in order of first citation in this document. Each superscript in the text links to its entry below.

  1. Heffernan M, Summers RJ, Thorburn A, Ogru E, Gianello R, Jiang WJ, Ng FM. The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and β3-AR knock-out mice. Endocrinology 2001;142(12):5182–5189. doi:10.1210/endo.142.12.8522 · PMID 11713213
  2. Thevis M, Thomas A, Schänzer W. Detecting peptidic drugs, drug candidates and analogs in sports doping: current status and future directions. Expert Review of Proteomics 2019;11(6):663–673. doi:10.1586/14789450.2014.965158
  3. D’Hondt M, Bracke N, Taevernier L, Gevaert B, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Related impurities in peptide medicines. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2014;101:2–30. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.012 · PMID 25044089

Identifiers are reproduced only where the Institute holds them. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed identifier is not shown, the Institute has recorded the journal and year and has not constructed an identifier.

Nothing published by the Institute is medical advice, a diagnosis, a prescription, a treatment recommendation or a purchasing recommendation. Compounds supplied for research use are not approved for human or veterinary use in any jurisdiction, and a favourable analytical assessment of a supplier is not a statement that any product is safe or effective. The Institute publishes certainty ratings and never recommendations. No telephone number, messaging handle or ordering channel appears anywhere on this site.